State Agencies & Govt'l Affairs- House
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It's been a while since we've been together, so it's good to have everybody back here in the committee room. Also, I'd like to recognize I have a couple of constituents that are here today from my district, from Mark Tree, a couple of high school seniors that are here just kind of interested in government, and I applaud them for that. And if you would, committee members, let me recognize Andrew Stoddard. Andrew, stand up. And also his friend that he brought with him, also a classmate, is Richard Plunkett from Mark Tree.
Thank you, guys. You can have a seat. To Chair Cesar Quam, this meeting is called order. If you are here, and today we're going to be, Representative Boyd is asked to be able to present his Interim Study Proposal 2019-079, requesting the Arkansas Legislative Council to refer to this House Committee on State Agencies and Governmental Affairs, a comprehensive study of Arkansas election laws, election technology, election administration, voter
registration, and election procedures, and the impact of federal election laws on Arkansas. There's also committee members in the exhibit attached to today's agenda. If you are here and you are not here at the request of Representative Boyd, who has several people to testify today, it's not necessary for you to sign in, but if you're not on this list and you want to sign in to speak for or against this bill, then you need to contact the clerk and do so.
At this time, Representative Boyd is already at the end of the table. Representative Boyd, you're recognized to present your ISP. Thank you,
Representative Justin Boyd
Unverified
1:56
Mr. Chair. I appreciate this opportunity to be before you
again. As you might recall, I was in front of this committee several times during the last legislative session, and we made several changes to election law. So post that, I wanted to file an interim study proposal, get through an election, see what maybe did or didn't happen, make sure there weren't any issues that popped up.
And then, of course, start looking into 2021 as to opportunities to further enhance our voter registration all the way through election. So with that said, I've invited the Association of Counties and the election commissioners and the Secretary of State to be here to visit and give us an update and start discussing some ideas. So I'm going to move out of the way and invite them up here, if that's okay with you, Mr.
Chair. Okay, Representative Boyd, who are you calling first as your first witness?
Representative Justin Boyd
Unverified
2:55
Lindsay French with the Association of Counties will be first, and then she'll introduce the people with her. Thank you. Okay. Ms. French, do you have
a seat at the end of the table? Would you just identify yourself for the committee members and for the record,
Lindsay Bailey
Unverified
3:13
please? Good morning. Thank you, Mr. Chair. My name is Lindsay Bailey French, and I'm with the Association of Arkansas Counties. And if it's okay with the chair, we would rather just present all at one time as a panel, if that's okay.
That's fine with me. So recognized. Ms. Franch, if you
would, if you'd just have those at the end of the table and the panel
with you to identify themselves and who they represent for the record, please. Yes,
Speaker 19
4:05
Mr. Chair. Leslie Bellamy, I'm the Director of Elections for the Arkansas Secretary of State's office. Peyton
Speaker 20
4:11
Murphy, I'm the Assistant Director of Elections for the Secretary of State's office. Daniel Schultz, I'm
Speaker 22
4:16
Director for the State Board of Election Commissioners. Chris Madison, I'm the
Chris Madison
Unverified
4:21
Attorney for the State Board of Election Commissioners. Is that everybody?
Good. Ms. French, you're recognized to start your presentation. Thank
Lindsay Bailey
Unverified
4:32
you. We all deal with elections down here in a little bit different ways, so we all have a different perspective on how this works. I work with the county clerks, and so my presentation is going to have to deal with the county clerks and the counties in general and how elections affect them and some issues that I'd just like to bring to your attention, and I think this study would be a great way to tackle that.
One, as you are all acutely aware, there was last session a scramble to come up with money for voting equipment. by the state, and by the counties. With the help of the Secretary of State's office and your appropriation, we were able to get, I believe, 65 out of the 75 counties with new voting equipment. And there are a few who are still scrambling to come up with their match, but I assure you that they are working on it.
And one thing that we would like to look into is coming up with some kind of a partnership or a plan for the long term. No one enjoys having to come and scramble and try to find money that's not there. We realize as counties that we need to have skin in the game in this. We need to do our part for the funding, and we're willing to do that. Typically, we get some sort of federal money through HAVA, the Help America Vote Act. So the feds are willing to put some money in as well, and the state has always been a good partner as well.
but it seems like every four or six years we're here scrambling trying to come up with emergency money where we have counties that aren't going to be able to hold an election if they can't get new equipment. It sure would be a lot more smooth and easier to budget out if we could have some kind of long-term partnership plan set up where we could fund that for maintenance and buying new equipment 15 years down the road. So that was the first thing that I wanted to bring to your attention. The second one is DMV voter registration.
It's been an issue for the clerks for quite some time now. Under federal law, at the DMV, when you go get your driver's license, they are required to ask you if you'd like to register to vote, which as far as I'm sure everyone is okay with, the clerks are certainly okay with that. The problem is, despite the DMV having this person's verified address, identification because they have just come in to get a driver's license, when they're asking them separately their address and identification information for
voter registration purposes there's no process just to automatically import what's already been in there for their driver's license so they're asking them again would you like to register to vote and what's your address and information and disproportionately that information comes to the clerk incorrect it according to one county clerk about 75 to 80 percent of these they're getting are already registered they think that just by being asked to register that means somehow that
they weren't already registered and also a lot comes in that is incomplete or incorrect information so i'm going to be meeting with that state agency and seeing if there's some way where we can and automize the process of getting their good information to the clerk. Just something I wanted you all to be aware of and to think about. And if there are no
Well, before you do, Ms. French, let me chat with the committee members. Any questions from committee members for Mrs. French? Representative
Representative Douglas House
Unverified
8:24
House, you're recognized for a question. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Counselor, I wanted to ask you about something I proposed. The treasurer's office has got money that they're having trouble investing. And I asked would they be interested in loaning it out at about 2% interest rate to the counties to finance their voting equipment,
And understanding that some of the counties may have trouble coming up with several hundred thousand dollars cash money on hand at one time to make a purchase, if they could stretch that out over a period of two or three years, that might be an advantage for some of them, not all of them, not mandated. It would be a quorum court decision in each instance. They were ecstatic because they said they can't even get 1% now on their federal investments. It's a two-, three-, or four-year term, percent, 2%, 2.5%, depending on the length.
They liked it. I talked to the Secretary of State's office. They said that might work. And apparently there was some resistance with our DF&A, and they were kind of nonspecific, but they didn't want to do it. Is that anything that y'all would be interested in? Do you all have any objections to doing anything like that? We'd be happy to look into it, and if
Lindsay Bailey
Unverified
9:47
state law allows for it and there's a county that could benefit from it, I don't know why we would be opposed to that.
Representative Douglas House
Unverified
9:55
State law may have to authorize it. There is a fund that the counties and cities borrow against short-term to carry over their funding shortfalls for one reason or the other, and those borrowings or those loans are secured by turn back money from either tax, sales tax, property tax, whatever the case might be. So the risk is minimal at best to the state.
So I just wanted to throw that out, and that's something y'all might
Speaker 33
10:29
have to take up in the next session. Yes,
thank you, Representative House. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. any further questions from committee members for mrs french representative boyd you have a
Speaker 39
10:45
question yes please i i realize i'm i'm down here presenting but i wanted to ask her a question we
Representative Justin Boyd
Unverified
10:53
got somebody's mic on okay go ahead thank you thank you mr chair just wanted to clarify we passed an electioneering
bill. While that might have more effect on the election commission,
Speaker 42
11:01
have you had any feedback from the clerks that there were any issues or things that needed to change or be modified from that? I've not gotten
Lindsay Bailey
Unverified
11:10
any negative feedback from the clerks on that. I think if anything, they welcomed the clarification of what is and what is not electioneering to where they're not having to make subjective decisions. It's more objective of what is and is not considered electioneering. So I think that was helpful. Any further questions from committee members?
Seeing none, Director Daniel Schultz, you're recognized to present to the committee. Thank you. I
Speaker 47
11:39
guess I'll begin by saying our function, of course, is primarily training before the election and to assist and to support the counties with questions they have leading up and during the election. To that extent, I think the electioneering law was helpful because in the passed, the word electioneering was undefined, and now there's a very clear, concrete standard that we can, our election officials can apply, so, and we know that bill came out of a Supreme
Court opinion, so I think it's a good law that's been helpful. When the State Board was asked to look at some ideas about what could be addressed in this ISP, we did some brainstorming, and we came up with a few issues we thought might be a good idea to bring to your attention. The first, Arkansas law doesn't have any provisions for the impact of inclement weather on voting. This, of course, is less of a concern in May as far as winter weather.
We were concerned moving it up to March might have an impact. In fact, it turned off warm, and then, unfortunately, and we're very sad to see this, but a city to our east was impacted by severe weather on Election Day and had this problem even more acutely than winter weather. We don't really have any strong opinions on what those provisions should be, but our office gets, and I know there's some northern counties here today, our office gets calls saying, where's forecast of snow, what should we do? And there's no clear state law to govern when they can close, how they can close.
Again, we don't have a dog in the hunt, so to speak, as for what that is. I think it needs to look like early voting being a little more flexible than Election Day voting. election day. I think to do anything require either some sort of very, very tight restrictions such as the governor or a court, but
Speaker 48
13:30
early day it may be helpful to give some flexibility to the counties to adjust the hours if it really is appropriate. Mr. Chair, do you mind if I chime
Lindsay Bailey
Unverified
13:48
on that you recognize to put some perspective to that issue we haven't had to deal with it before with the primaries being in may as much but with it moved up to to cooler weather you all most of you represent multiple county districts you could imagine um a scenario in which there was winter weather one county shut down early voting and the county that your opponent lived in they kept it open. Um, it could, it could turn really ugly, really fast. So one thought that we had was maybe
having the governor or someone at the state level have a say in, in whether, um, voting would be shut down that day or not. And obviously shutting
Speaker 47
14:33
down voting is the last thing we want to see. Uh, but our counties, you know, I've had Clark County clerks tell me, well, I don't want my people to be endangered, and we just need some guidance of what we can and can't do, because right
now there's no guidance. Any questions from committee members for Mr. Schultz?
Representative Flowers, you're recognized for a question.
Representative Vivian Flowers
Unverified
15:01
Thank you. My question is not directly related to this. So before I ask, is this the extent of your presentation? No, ma'am. Okay, then
I'm going to reserve, if I could ask something later, because you may cover what I am curious about. Thank
you. Okay, any further questions from committee members? Seeing none, Mr. Chris Madison, you're recognized. Present to the committee.
Speaker 58
15:29
Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I think Daniel has some other things to talk about in his portion of it, but I can address
Representative Justin Gonzales
Unverified
15:37
mine. One of the things I've looked at, and a little background on me, I was the attorney for the city of Bryant for the seven years prior to coming to work for the state. So I view this from a local perspective in some extent. And one of the challenges that I've seen is that as election officials, we know how
Chris Madison
Unverified
15:54
to do our regular reoccurring elections, our every two-year elections or our annual school elections. We understand that.
The challenge is when we have special elections that are called by either a county or a city or a school board or a water board or something like that and I'll give you an example in our current statutes depending on when the election is called for will determine how many days notice they have to give whether it's a 70 day or a 60 day or some other weird number of days since I've been with the elections one of the things I'm looking at is how can we streamline that so that we basically as election officials have to determine is this a regular reoccurring
election that we know how to do, that the Secretary of State has published an agenda for, the calendar, or is it something else? And if it's something else, what rules should we apply to it? And for example, what I think would be an appropriate, just a suggestion, is a 90-day notice, in part because of the deadlines we have to get absentee ballots out, to program the machines, to prepare, and then if you have problems, to fix those before you actually start voting. And with the early voting, it's really considered part of elections now.
I mean, early voting wasn't as predominant impact, but now, you know, 30, 40 percent of your voters are voting early voting. So the idea I'm looking at is how we can set rules that all local elections, special elections go by. So, for example, if a county or a city wants to call a special elections, everybody knows it's 90 days that you have to have the notice done by. And that would make it easier for election officials because then we would know, okay, this isn't one of our regular recurring, something special, here's the rules that we follow.
And one of the things that comes out of that also is special elections around major elections, your preferential primary or your general election. And the challenge is, is if you have a city who's calling a special election the month before, for example, a general election, well, now you have these overlaying deadlines that are occurring because they're trying to get in before the major election, or if they have it the month following the general election or the preference for primary election. So one of the things that we've brainstormed about and would like some feedback on are one of two different ways of maybe approaching this.
Either some blackout dates around the major elections, because there's a lot of work that goes into setting up elections. A lot of work. I didn't realize this until working here, the tons of steps that have to be made to put the election on properly. Or alternatively, and this is a suggestion I have and I've floated it, is that we have some set dates for when special elections are. each quarter and the suggestion I have for that is generally your localities know when they're wanting to call a special election six to seven months out and if you have dates set each quarter
what happens is you don't have city one or city a calling a special election in January for county for the county and then city b calling a special election for February and then city c calling a special election to go along with the March primary. So what happens is, is the county in that circumstance is having to have an election every month of the quarter. Whereas if you have a date that ties with either preferential primary or set throughout the year, one a quarter, then everybody knows if I want to have an election in the first quarter, here's my date. If I want to
have election in the second quarter, here's my date. And then as election officials, we have set calendars that we can do that by. And the likelihood of messing things up falls off significantly because we're not having to do special weird things for some particular election and then another election and another election all at the same time. So those are some of the things that we've been
Representative Justin Gonzales
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19:38
talking about that I was going to present on. So I'm available for questions. Thank you, Mr.
Mayor. Representative Gonzalez, you recognize for a question. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Where were you last session?
Representative Justin Gonzales
Unverified
19:51
Well, I know of your bill, and as
Chris Madison
Unverified
19:53
a local official, I'm going to put my local hat on for a minute. two elections on the major dates is problematic. It doesn't give quite the flexibility I would need to have my focused interest on my election. But I think fundamentally, having gone through some special elections on the local level, quarterly fits that a lot better, especially if we're looking at a 90-day out for deadlines to file your stuff. I mean, you're looking at, you're going to have three months out. The reason I'm looking at the quarterly is so that I don't
have three different cities calling an election in the same county every other month. That's the concern is because election officials are having to do an election each month and you start having these dates overlapping and it gets confusing. Whereas if I have one date, you want to call a special election, here you go. And the calendar that I had in my mind was you would basically have a February in non-presidential years or March, you have to tie it with the presidential election in March for presidential elections, May, August, and November. And those would be
your dates that you get to have your special elections if you want to have it. And any city in the county that wants
Representative Justin Gonzales
Unverified
21:01
to have it, they get to pick one of those four. So that's my thoughts. Do
Chris Madison
Unverified
21:07
you know how many special elections have surrounded this primary election season? I know I handled probably 15 calls from county officials around the state, not counting Pulaski County, they're probably 15 of their own, but others around the state where school boards were wanting to have special elections before the primary, and they were
looking at January. You know, there's two or three school districts in different counties wanting to have elections, or in February. So you're trying to do these very small-bodied elections in amongst while you're trying to prepare for a million voters to come out. So you're looking at 30 special elections
Representative Justin Gonzales
Unverified
21:39
that happened before the primary, or at least calls for them? At
Chris Madison
Unverified
21:43
least, I've handled probably 30 to 40 calls related to special election questions around the county. I mean,
Representative Justin Gonzales
Unverified
21:48
that's something we could probably find out is how many were had, but there were a number of them. Okay, thank you.
Any further questions from committee members? Representative Brey, did
you have a question? Yes, I do. Representative Brey, would you have a seat at the committee table for the question, please?
Representative Johnny Rye
Unverified
22:07
I will, sir. Just an injection, Mr. Chairman. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Do
I need to identify Mr. Chairman? No, you're recognized for your question. Thank you, sir, so much. And I appreciate you letting me throw this in, Representative Tosh.
Representative Tosh, during the session, the homestead credit is something that we were looking into. The $350 that was coming off each one's tax bill on the property tax. and there was a property tax relief fund. Now, this is the place that we went toward, and it was the bill of Representative Fyte that we were going to try to reach in there and grab some funding, one-time funding, Representative Tosh, for, you know, the folding equipment,
this new equipment that we have at every county, sir. Now, what happened, Representative Tosh, that money was determined to be $8.2 million. And there was about seven or eight counties that actually had gotten equipment in already. And of that equipment, they had already paid for out of their county. So when we figured the $8.2 million, sir, we were short. So that's why I point it, Representative Taj, on your end. I know we came up short about $70,000 with Teresa.
and I think in Mississippi County it came up about $100,000 short, sir. So I wish that we could do something in the future that could maybe be able to help maybe one more time into that funding to see if we could do something because the Homestead credit actually went up from $350,000 to $375,000, which is good for the taxpayers. But at that point there was about $80,000 in override money, Representative Tosh, that was in there.
And that extra $25 for the taxpayers actually cost us about $13 million. And in this particular situation for the voting equipment, it cost us $8.2. But we were really about $4 million short of Representative Tosh. And that's the only thing I wanted to
Speaker 70
24:26
throw in there, sir. And I appreciate you letting me throw
that in. Thank you, Representative Rye. Ms. French, you heard Representative Rye's concerns through his question,
and could you answer that for us, please? And in doing so, would you tell us how many counties came up short on the funds that they needed for new voting equipment? If
Lindsay Bailey
Unverified
24:50
it pleases the committee, I think the Secretary of State's office would be the best one
Speaker 21
24:59
to answer that. So recognized. motion. Chairman Tosh, we have about five counties that have
Speaker 19
25:04
expressed to me that they will not have their share of the funding, basically no matter what we
Speaker 74
25:10
do, that they'll need 100% funding and
will not be able to put any
Speaker 19
25:15
skin in the game. We have nine counties now that do not have new equipment or have not signed any kind of contract. And with that, there's four I know that are ready to look at it. And we'll be going around talking individually to each county because one of the things when you realize as we start to travel, county's plans change. As you said around with the county judge, county clerk, county election commission, a lot of the numbers that were turned in to us changed as
discussions started. And that probably will be the case for this last night and I feel assured.
Thank you. Any questions from committee members? Seeing none. Director Bellamy, you're recognized to present to the committee. I think I'm going to
Speaker 19
26:09
just kind of hit on a couple of things we were looking at nationally. We go every year to D.C. and some of the things that the other states,
I know there's another speaker on this today, but online registration is something that 42 states are currently exercising some form of online registration. It's something I've been doing a lot of research on. Some of our governmental affairs staff has done research on it, and it's not an automated process of any kind. It just basically would be a fillable form that all the pertinent and federal and state required information, information. You know, if you fill it out, you could hit submit and do it online instead of
having to do actual paper application or go through the DMV process or library or DHS office. It's something that, you know, we're really not sure how we feel about it completely yet. I would want it to be something that was a much better system electronically than it is in place now that you can't actually submit your application incomplete. Like I said, 42 other states
are doing it in some method. So I think it bears some study as to maybe coming on board with a more technologically inclined group of voters. So another thing that we are hearing a lot about at the national meetings are at least some voting method for online for our combat zone military so that we get their UOCAVA ballot back in time. There were about 300,000 overseas voters in the last election. Something I think we should
study up on a little bit and see. I think certainly those voters should be able to get their ballot back to us and be counted and not miss it. But, you know, Arkansas has a few extra days than what the federal requirements are. And I'm proud for that. But still, there's a lot of ballots that are not getting back in time to be counted because they're in a combat zone and they don't have access to a post office. So I think that's something that we'd like to look at further and not expressly say that we're for or against right now, but it bears some research.
And then I'm going to turn this over to one of our staff attorneys and my assistant director for some technical corrections that we'd like to see taken
care of in the next session. Before we do that, Director, let's see if we have
any questions for committee members, for you on what you just presented
Representative Vivian Flowers
Unverified
28:58
to the committee. Representative Flowers, you have a question for
the director. Yes, thank you. I was just wondering, with the research that you've done so far, how has online voter registration worked with voter ID, motor voter, and other automatic registration laws, as well as, well, we'll start with those two things, just in
conjunction with other states that have already implemented that.
Speaker 80
29:26
Representative Bowen. Thank you, Mr. Chair. If it's appropriate, I have a whole presenter on online voter
Representative Justin Boyd
Unverified
29:34
registration. Could we defer questions on that until she has the
opportunity she might be able to answer something? Exactly. I noticed that as well. That's in Exhibit D, and I think you've got someone to speak directly to that issue. Is that correct? Okay. We'll refer to that question at that time. Any other questions at this time? If not, Mr. Burpee, is that correct? Yes, sir. you're recognized present to the
Speaker 20
29:58
committee most of what i have here is uh technical fixes to
statutes that have been amended during the past couple sessions and uh have left holes in some deadlines here and there one in particular is uh 75202 this is the statute that provides how people can object to the service of an election official. And it also applies to when county election officials have to make required publications. Currently, this deadline has gotten in such a way that the deadline for objecting to an election official falls before
the publication of instructions about how to object to an election official. So it's fixing that, it's adjusting the timeline on some of these publications to accommodate that fix. And I don't think it's any policy concern, more so just a technical fix to accommodate some policy changes we've made in the last couple sessions. Another one I have is fixing a ballot draw deadline for school candidates. It's just adjusting this ballot draw deadline to occur at the same time as
other ballot draws in years that school elections fall in March. The only other thing, probably Warren's talking about, I have something drafted for election by candidate procedures. There's really only one case in which this is still needed, and that's in school elections. So it's putting that language in the school elections and removing a reference to a statute that is no longer in effect and I'd be happy to take any questions on those.
Any questions from committee members for Mr. Murphy? Seeing none, thank you Mr. Murphy. Representative Boyd, I have on my list, but I didn't hear them introduce themselves. Mrs. Deanna Sylvie, is she in the room? Representative Boyd, it's on your agenda.
Do you want Ms. Silvey obviously to present to the committee, is that correct? Yes, please.
Okay, Ms. Silvey, if you would just
Representative Justin Boyd
Unverified
32:28
have a seat. Representative Boyd. And then I think Mr. Schultz might have a few more things to say, one more thing. And then I'm going to
have one question for him after that. Okay, Ms. Silvey, if you would hold up for just a moment. Mr.
Speaker 46
32:44
Schultz, you're recognized to address the committee. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. There's one other issue I think bears raising in this forum, that
Speaker 47
32:50
currently there's a state law that caps the number of voters that can be in a precinct at 3,000.
Now, remember, precincts are not voting sites. As many precincts as you want can vote in a single voting site. This is just kind of an arbitrary way we divide up the data on election. That causes some problems, mainly creating more complexity in the development of the ballot and of the layout for the election. And also with complexity comes expense. So one thing we're interested in doing is raising that cap. Now, of course, that would kind of go along with redistricting.
So after all those new lines are set in 2021, we'd like the counties to come back and draw the election lines so that they line up with the new lines and creating as few unnecessary divisions of the geography as possible. And one way to do that that kind of
Speaker 48
33:48
costs us nothing is to increase the number of voters in a precinct. So that's something we'd be interested in seeing happen. Mr. Schultz, can you
explain to me, to the committee, why is there a 3,000 cap on?
Speaker 47
34:03
I can tell you it doesn't serve any function as far as the election, the conduct of the election is. I mean, I suppose it creating more divisions may create other benefits as far as analysis, but from our perspective, it
Speaker 48
34:15
doesn't really serve a function. So if it serves no purpose, then what would be
the need to raise the cap? What? I mean, you could
Speaker 47
34:27
eliminate the cap and it would serve our interest as well.
Okay. I know you said it raised the cap and I was trying to make sure I understood exactly why,
if it's not serving a purpose, why we would even want to address it other than to eliminate it. That would solve our concerns. Okay. That's what I needed to know. Thank you. Representative Flowers,
Representative Vivian Flowers
Unverified
34:51
you're recognized for a question. Thank you. I was wondering with regard to the precincts as it relates to raising the cap or getting rid of them altogether, aren't there precincts assigned to given polling sites? There are, but the
Speaker 47
35:04
county can assign as many precincts to a single polling site as they want to,
so it doesn't limit the number of voters at a particular polling
Representative Vivian Flowers
Unverified
35:12
site in any way. Are there limitations to the polling site?
Speaker 47
35:16
There are two kind of levels of limitations. One is it requires unanimity of the county commission to make a change, so that discourages changes. And two, you have to have polling sites in every
Speaker 48
35:27
town or in towns of a certain size, every precinct in the town, and there's some laws
Representative Vivian Flowers
Unverified
35:37
that lay that out. And a quick follow-up. So without any limitations or caps,
whether it's to a precinct or a polling site, How would we avoid or control for long waits, especially with the advent of, let's say, we implement an online registration, more people start registering, more people start voting. So if there are no caps, how do we avoid what we saw happen in this last election where people were waiting in line in some states for
Speaker 90
36:06
hours? Apologies. Thank you. To address your
Speaker 47
36:09
concern, there is no cap currently. This cap has no ‑‑ this isn't that.
This is just a cap that governs how we report the data. This cap doesn't limit the number of voters that can be signed to a poll whatsoever, because you can assign as many precincts, regardless of how they're divided up, one or 100 to a single poll.
Speaker 48
36:30
The limitation on polling sites comes from, well, one, practicality. The counties are good to arrange what's needed, I think, in most cases, but also there are limitations that you have to have usually one in every ward or every city, depending on the situation.
Representative Boyd, you have a question for
Speaker 85
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Mr. Schultz. Yes, sir. It's a very quick question. In the last
Representative Justin Boyd
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legislative session, one of the pieces of legislation that we debated heavily on the Senate side and ultimately passed was to increase the length of time you have voting from five minutes to ten minutes. Did that change create, to your knowledge, any issues during our last primary? No, sir. Not
to my knowledge. Any further comments from Representative Godfrey?
Representative Megan Godfrey
Unverified
37:23
You're recognized for a question. Thank you, Mr. Chair. I'm not sure who is best to answer this, but this is something, a concern I've heard from my election commissioners and folks up in Northwest Arkansas about the use of a tribal ID as an appropriate and acceptable form of ID, voter identification. It's for folks who are U.S. citizens, registered and eligible voters, but are also members of a Native American tribe and hold an ID as a member of that tribe.
And so I've just heard some issues about that not being an acceptable form of ID to vote. So I'm just wondering if somebody could speak to that, if that's something that needs clarification, needs statute, needs just consistency across the board and what the problem is
Speaker 47
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there. Thank you. Yes, Representative, that is correct. I actually called the Department of Interior myself back when we were figuring this new
Speaker 48
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law out. And the tribal IDs are issued by the tribal sovereignties,
so they're not issued by the United States government and they're not issued by the state of Arkansas, so they don't currently qualify under
Representative Megan Godfrey
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38:31
the law as it's written. Follow-up? Recognized. Thank you. Do you know if they qualify in any other states or if that's a
Speaker 51
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consistency federally? I don't know for certain. I suspect some states would fall on either side of
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that. Thank you. I appreciate the clarification.
Thank you, Mr. Chair. Any further questions from committee members? Representative Clowney, we recognize.
Representative Nicole Clowney
Unverified
38:55
Thank you, Mr. Chair. Mr. Schultz, with the caps that you're discussing, I'm sorry, I'm catching up here. Would they have any effect on redistricting potentially? Could you speak to the effects that
Speaker 47
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they would have there? The effect we're going for is to limit the number of divisions of the geography. So
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every time you've got House races and Senate and boards and precincts, every one of those lines creates a unique combination of issues and races on the ballot. Well, what the precincts do is they create multiple ballots with the same issues and races on them.
So that's a layer of complexity we can try to eliminate that doesn't serve any purpose, at least as far as the election, putting
on of the election is concerned. Further questions from committee
members? Seeing none, any additional comments from panels, members? Ms. Sylvia,
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you're recognized to present the committee. Yes, I'm Deanna
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Sively, and I'm with the Association of Arkansas County Clerks. I just want to reiterate Mr. Madison's opinion on setting the uniformity of filing dates.
I had the situation myself where the school's filing date was not the same as a county's special election. So we would like all those dates to be the same. So, you know, I had already sent my equipment in and had it already configured and back to me and ready to go when the school decided they wanted to have a special election on the same date as I did. So it all had to be sent back and redone, ballots and everything.
So I'd like for that to be uniform. And I would like to be taking consideration on the primary elections, not to change the dates back and forth from March to May. Now, we don't mind which day it is, but it's just hard. It's confusing for the people who are filing for office. They may have missed the filing date when it was back in November when they're used to it being in February. And that's the only thing that really I would like to see accomplished.
Thank you for those comments. Any questions from committee members for Ms. Sylvie? Seeing none. Representative Boyd, at this time, are you ready to move forward with Ms. Tilley? committee members this will be on online voter registration be exhibit d in your handout be presented by mrs. anna claire tilly mr tilly if you would just have a seat at
the end of the table if you would just identify yourself and who you represent
Speaker 109
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for the committee I'm Anna Claire Tilly, and I'm here with
Representative Boyd. And you're here for Representative Boyd? Yes, sir. Okay. All right. You're
Representative Justin Boyd
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recognized, Representative Boyd. Thank you. Ms. Tilly and I are here to present together an idea called online voter registration.
She, Anna, Ms. Tilly, is going to do most of the presentation. I just want to clarify, there's confusion sometimes between online and automatic. This is not automatic voter registration we're discussing. This is going from a paper registration system to making one that is online. So with that said, Mr. Chair, I'd like to hand it over to Ms. Tilly to begin. You're recognized. Thank you, Mr. Chair.
Speaker 112
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This project is part of my Girl Scout Gold Award. That is the highest award a
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girl can earn between 9th and 12th grade. And as he said, we're working to implement online voter registration. So as many of you may already know, paper voter registration forms are available for all Arkansans, eligible Arkansans to register to vote at DMVs, many health centers or county clerk's office. But this process is still inefficient and has room for error. As many of the county clerks mentioned, many of these forms are being submitted inaccurately.
they're incomplete, or they're incomprehensible, which makes it difficult to properly file these so that these eligible citizens can register to vote. It also raises questions and concerns over what to do with these incomplete forms. This is where online voter registration comes in. Online voter registration can streamline the voter registration system in Arkansas. It is the same form as the paper voter registration application. It's just transferred digitally and can be submitted electronically. So as we have now, voters will have to submit either the last four
digits of their social security number or their driver's license number. You'll still have the 30-day vetting period that we have in place now. It is the same thing, just online, and it is not automatic. As there were 37 states in Washington, D.C. that implemented online voter registration as of 2018, and Oklahoma is in the process of implementing legislation as well. This is a necessity in streamlining the voter registration process here.
As of in 2019, Maricopa County, which holds Phoenix, Maricopa County in Arizona, is home to Phoenix, Arizona. Arizona was the first state to implement online voter registration in 2002. They found that their online voter registration forms were five times less error prone, meaning there were five times less inaccuracies and incomplete forms than their paper registration counterparts. In 2016, Alabama implemented online voter registration in time for the presidential election,
and they had since then have registered a little under one million voters. They have a similar voting vetting process that we do as well. They have 14-day vetting period, whereas we have 30, and they have similar voter ID laws to ensure that
Speaker 118
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the people who are registering to vote are eligible, um, people that can register.
Speaker 113
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This system will be housed with the Secretary of State's office, where most of the election information is housed now, um, and as Director Bellamy mentioned, this system or this voter
registration forms will have required questions that you have to fill out before you go on to the next section or before you complete the form, and this is, uh, this will help deter a lot of the issues that are going on between the forms filled out of the DMV that are sent to the county clerk's office now. This is one of the proven practices that have benefited county clerks in other states across the United States. And in order to implement this, it will take an amendment change with a three-fourths vote in the House and the Senate. Online voter registration is an
opportunity cost. We will see long-term savings, but what we will also see is a saving of time and energy and headaches among many of the county clerks with some of the incomplete or inaccurate forms that they are getting now. We can see efficiency in the process as well and cost savings. So Arizona in 2002, when they implemented since 2002, their forms cost 83 cents for their paper forms. Their online voter registration forms cost three cents, which is a huge long-term savings.
Additionally, between 2008 and 2012, Phoenix, Arizona, saw a $1.4 million savings in their voter registration forms. With this money, we can use it to go to other places where it's needed in the voter process or in other spheres of politics. The average cost of this implementation is about $240,000, and this has been absorbed into other states' budgets. But once again, this is an opportunity cost. and the return that we will see on investments will be so beneficial, as other states have seen.
Speaker 112
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And as always, security is of utmost importance. As I mentioned earlier, people who are wanting
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to fill out this online voter registration form will still need to provide their driver's license number or the last four digits of Social Security, as they do now. Many states have implemented multi-screen processes. So what this does is it ensures that it's harder for people to hack. So you can have one question or five questions on one page, and all of those questions must be completed before going on to the next page or submitting.
Additionally, you can have CAPTCHA boxes, as you see here. So if you've logged on to Facebook from an outside browser, you've probably seen these boxes before. And this is another preventative measure that we can take to ensure that there will be no hacking. Additionally, audit logs will be used to track any activity. So if there is something suspicious that happens, it can be flagged and checked to ensure that this process is safe and efficient and that people can be voting the right way. I'd like to leave as well with a quote from Mark J. Thomas.
He was the Utah Chief Deputy and Director of Elections upon their implementation of online voter registration. He said that election officials can process online registrations in a matter of seconds, saving taxpayers tens of thousands of dollars each election cycle, while reducing errors and cleaning up the voter registration database. Having an online voter registration system is a no-brainer. Users love it, election officials love it, and taxpayers love it. Mr. Chairman, I would like to open
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up the floor to questions, if there are any.
Thank you, Ms. Tilley. That was a very informative presentation. Thank you very much. Any questions? Yes. Well done. So questions from committee members, Representative Collins, be recognized for a question. Thank you, Mr. Chair, and thank you
Representative Andrew Collins
Unverified
48:58
very much. That really was outstanding, and I think it's very clear. The one thing I wanted to ask you about is this cost slide.
It looks like there's costs and savings both represented here. Can you talk more about the opportunity cost? Is this a cost of implementing this or a cost of not implementing this? And just discuss that
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a little bit. Yes, there will be a cost
Speaker 114
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to implementing this. It's an upfront cost. So Arizona, I say Arizona a lot
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because they were the first to implement this, and they have a lot of research out there on this. So with Arizona, they had an upfront cost one time,
and their cost was about $250,000. From there, though, they still used paper registration forms, so they were still getting those $0.83 forms out, but the majority of their forms that were being filed and submitted were online. And so that is a cost that is seen over time. Additionally, with the county clerks, as they mentioned earlier, They're having issues between the forms that are submitted at the DMV to their office with inaccuracies and things that are incomplete. So this will give the online voter registration form can give them the opportunity to save time
so that whenever these forms are submitted, they will be submitted completely, and they can go use that time to do other things on their agenda as they are very busy people.
Ms. Tilley, is that the $240,000 you referenced while ago as the initial cost? Is that what you're referring to now?
Speaker 113
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Yes, that is the average cost. So this, upon implementation, it depends on what facilities we have in Arkansas to implement this, but that is the average cost of all states that have implemented.
Thank you. Representative Gonzalez, you're recognized for
Representative Justin Gonzales
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50:49
a question. Thank you, Mr. Chair. The Alabama-registered voters, you have 984,000 additional—I'm assuming that is new voters? Yes. This is as of December of
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2019. Okay. Do you know if it increased voter
Representative Justin Gonzales
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51:02
participation or not, or if we just had that many more people registered to vote? I just
Speaker 112
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they registered to vote. With their online voter registration system, they have raised their percentage of eligible voting population to 97%.
Okay. Thank you. Representative McKenzie, did you have a question? You're
Representative Gayla H. McKenzie
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51:29
recognized. Thank you, Mr. Chair. And Representative Gonzalez got one of my questions. So, I would like to know, and I don't know, and thank you, by the way, for this presentation. Excellent work. Thank you. With regard to the registrations now with the paper that are incomplete, inaccurate, what's the process? Are those just tossed? Do we try to follow up to see what do we do with those now?
Speaker 132
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I think if it's okay with Mr. Chairman, I think the director would be better suited
to answer this question. Director, you're
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recognized to answer the question. They'll go into a suspend status. The counties then have to send it back out to the voter. There's basically a letter that's ready for it, and then they've got to spend money to send all those back out to voters, try and get information back. So it is problematic for our clerks.
Okay, any further questions? Director, if you would just remain at the table. I believe we've got another question for you from
Representative Justin Gonzales
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52:36
Representative Gonzalez. Thank you, Mr. Chair. You mentioned earlier that you've looked into online voter registration. Have you looked into what
Speaker 19
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it's going to cost the state to implement? It would be somewhere around, you know, the $200,000 to $300,000 mark to implement it, and then there would be a yearly cost of maintenance. Anything you buy, you'll have a software license and some maintenance.
That ranges from some, it's $50,000 to $80,000, depending on the companies that I looked at. So it'll be a yearly cost and then, you know, a rather significant upfront fee. Okay. Do you have a
Representative Justin Gonzales
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53:13
follow-up? Yeah. You're recognized. Do you have money in your budget to cover that
Speaker 118
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now? No. If I could add to that, other states
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have, there are federal funds that do have allowed other states to file for grant money to implement this.
I'm going blank on the name off the
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top of my head, but there are grant programs out there to allow online voter registration systems to
be implemented into states. Representative Godfrey, did you have a question?
Representative Megan Godfrey
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53:45
you recognize. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Ms. Dilley, great work. Thank you so much for sharing with us today. It looks like Arkansas is behind the curve here. We're in the minority of states who don't yet have online voter registration. I'm wondering if you know about these other states like us who haven't yet moved into your proposed solution here. What is holding them back? And then maybe
states that are close to us, especially Oklahoma, who's in this implementation process, what they found to be worth it? What was compelling to kind of overcome some of those initial concerns that maybe we still have? Thank you. I think some of the
Speaker 113
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things that are holding other states back are concerns over security and cost. But once again, security, we are not reinventing the wheel here. We can use the best practices of other states with the CAPTCHA boxes and the audit logs, encryptions, anonymization
Speaker 112
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tools. So this is not a concern, but it is something that has been
holding other states back and then cost as well it has um an upfront cost to it um however that is something that can be counteracted with the time and energy that it can be saved with other county clerks um oklahoma's process um or reasoning for getting in as into uh this game as far as i know
Speaker 113
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is because other states are doing it and this is where we're going nationally with the move towards technology, socially and culturally, this just seemed to many states the right way to be
able to allow voters another opportunity to register to vote should they be eligible.
Representative Scott, you're recognized for a question. Good morning.
Representative Jamie Scott
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55:25
Thank you, Anna, for being here. You gave an impressive presentation, and
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I hope this is the last time we'll see you advocating on issues that you care about. Two quick questions, and I think one of them is for Director Murphy, but one of them is for you. In regards to other states who've already implemented this,
do you know the exact number that they've saved by implementing this? I know we keep talking about the upfront costs and what is the yearly cost to maintain this, but what is the savings? Do you by chance know that for Arizona? I
Speaker 112
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don't know off the top of my head. There is research out there. I'd be happy to forward to members here who are interested. The National Conference of State Legislatures has a lot of research done, but I can get that answer to you at a later date if
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you would like. Absolutely okay with me for you to follow up and send us that information.
Speaker 143
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And Director Murphy, can I follow up? You're recognized for a follow-up. Thank you. Is there any way you can send us information to probably maybe the whole committee if they want it? I would be interested to see if other states have already implemented this, what information is on their form, their online voter registration form? Like, what are they trying to capture for
Speaker 19
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people to be able to register this way? Yes, I can pull that data for you. Like I said, we belong to NASED, which is a national group of state election directors, so I can get that information for you.
And then also I'd just like to briefly speak that I don't think that necessarily, you know, we'll still have to have the paper applications as well as the online. I don't know that there will be a great deal of savings to us. as more
just a convenience for the voter. Okay. Thank you. Thank
Representative Vivian Flowers
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57:06
you. Representative Flowers, you're recognized for a question. Thank you. You just answered one of my questions. I'm just
wondering, well, first of all, let me echo Ms. Scott and everyone else. Your presentation was great, and we do hope to see you back here again.
And so with regard to the implementation, with something like this housed at the Secretary of State, as our current system is, what would be or what is in other states the county clerk's access? And what is their role in implementation to this? If it's housed in one place, but now it's online, so there's no handling of paper, what does that look like? And I would add to that, for example, when we're looking at the ex-felons and their voter registration reentry, you know, how does all that work, if you have any idea?
Speaker 118
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Thank you. So the handling with the forms and registration forms would be similar practices
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to what is used now. Um, most of, since most of the information is housed now, I'm under the impression that however they get the paper forms to the secretary of state's office and vice versa would be through similar means. Um, I'm not very familiar with
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that process. If you can, okay. Yes. Well, right now
Speaker 19
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we just mail the paper ballots that are turned or the paper applications to the directly to the counties.
So we're sort of like a glorified post office for the counties right now. Uh, there, if they're going to go to the county, going to be brought in electronically, we would electronically deliver them to the counties in batches, similar to probably what the DMV does, is what I've looked at in other states. It would stop a lot of the, you know, paper ballot application process as far as the mail delivery and the clerks having to actually type in the paper ballot information.
Representative House, you're recognized for a
Representative Douglas House
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59:15
question. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Director, you mentioned something. Can the application form be printed at somebody's home or at a library or at an office? There's nothing sacrosanct about that particular form in and of itself, so we wouldn't need to spend a lot of money for forms just as long as it's available online to download.
Speaker 19
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Is that correct? Yes, and one of the things I think that's held in other states, the few that have it are similar to us, our Constitution, Amendment 51, requires that wet signature on the application. So with the vote, that part of the Constitution could be amended by the legislators. I'm just looking at methods that if it's the will of the legislators in the next session for how we implement it as, you know, as cheap as we can and as easy as we can, but still get the best information we can to the clerks.
Because I worked in the county for 16 years, and it's frustrating to get bad applications. So I would want a system that's locked down relatively tight, that it cannot be sent through until every question that has to be answered is answered, and there's an
Speaker 147
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electronic signature on there. Do you have a follow-up? That was my follow-up question. It was mentioned, Ms.
Representative Douglas House
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1:00:44
Teller, you made of Amendment 51 being amended by the legislator, and I wanted some clarification.
It was a citizen-initiated amendment which would allow the three-quarters change as opposed to a legislatively-initiated amendment which would not allow change. Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Thank you. Representative Clowney, you're recognized for a question. Thank you, Mr.
Chair. Ms. Tilley, obviously we all on this committee
Representative Nicole Clowney
Unverified
1:01:10
share the goal of increasing voter participation, So can you speak a little bit to not just increased voter
registration, but whether that, you know, in Alabama or Arizona translated to higher voter turnout in elections that followed these years?
Speaker 118
1:01:27
So because of the there has been a national wave in increased
Speaker 112
1:01:33
voter turnout, whether that is due to online voter registration or the politics of the United States in those years is up for debate. This does, however, correlate to higher voter registration. It's a correlation more than a causation. But with the younger generation
Speaker 113
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who are becoming eligible to vote, they are more familiar with online formats.
So by having the online voter registration system, something that is submitted electronically that they are more familiar with, they have seen higher voter participation with younger generations in the states with
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online voter registration. Any further questions from committee members? Seeing none, Justin,
Representative Boyd, are you ready to close? Yes, again, I want to thank Ms. Tilley for
Speaker 85
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the wonderful job she did and for driving from Fort Smith today and being here, so thank you.
Representative Justin Boyd
Unverified
1:02:33
I just want to say, when I'm back in western Arkansas in my pharmacy, And I have either young people that have just turned 18 and it's time to register to vote or probably more frequently someone, one of my coworkers who has moved and it's time to move that registration. It'd be a whole lot easier rather than going online and printing out a form and giving an 18 year old to say, hey, you got to put it, fill this out and put a stamp on it and go drop it in the mail to just be able to allow access right then and there to enter information in a computer.
The overall scope of things, let's go back to participation. The first step to participate is registration. That also gives the ability to participate and be called for jury duty. That's an equally important part of civic responsibility as well is make sure we have an adequate jury pool. So even if it's registration, I'd like to see participation, But just registration in itself is an important first step and an important step in jury selection as well.
This provides a real opportunity to create effectiveness and efficiency in our taxpayer system. And I just think that it's, we're not the first on the list, we're down toward the bottom. I think there's enough experience in the other states to be able to look at this and go, hey, here are where the real concerns were. This is what we need to do, not reinvent the wheel, but make this service available to Arkansans. So with that said, I'm closed on this aspect, but I do want to close on the whole ISP when you're ready, Mr. Chair.
Okay, Representative Boyd. I believe we have a question from
Representative Vivian Flowers
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1:04:15
Representative Flyer. Is that correct? Yes, thank you. I just wanted to go back to earlier when there was a presentation about the ISP with regard to administration. and I'm wondering if, and I guess this would be for you, Representative Boyd, if you are looking to cover the aspect of administration as it relates to our counties and how we utilize or whether we utilize election coordinators
and what sometimes can, how human error can impact an election in a way where votes that shouldn't apply or be counted must be applied or in a way where incorrect votes occur and there have to, you know, we have to go back. So I'll refer to what happened, what we saw in the recent election in District 34,
the House race there. we had a scenario and concerns around a ballot that was missing or a ballot encounter that occurred where someone stuffed their ballot in and there was a question as to whether or not that should be counted. And most recently, during the primary in Jefferson County, we had the incorrect race actually submitted to the company
so that the incorrect race were on four precincts, and had that not been corrected or noticed during the early vote and corrected, then those votes that were incorrect would have had to count. And so in Jefferson County, you know, one of the issues of concern was, you know, perceived conflicts of interest because you had election commissioners who are partisan appointed commissioners who are also serving in the role and capacity that election coordinators would otherwise serve,
who were appointed by the county judge. So it gets real murky, and then when something happens, voters are looking like, hey, what's going on? So I'm wondering if, and going back to the question as to whether or not commissioners can or should be paid for an appointment when they're doing the work of what would normally be an election coordinator, and especially if there's some wrangling about how all that shakes out. So I'm wondering if you will be able to look at that
and see how we can sort of create a more streamlined process that can, I guess, maintain or seek the voter confidence and prevent even any perceptions of conflicts of interest or real conflicts of interest. Thank you. Representative Boyd, do you want to answer
that or, Director? I'll just say
Representative Justin Boyd
Unverified
1:07:19
that I'm definitely open to the discussion.
The integrity of voting is something near and dear to my heart. It should be important to all Americans and Arkansans, and so I'm certainly open to looking at what the legislature can do to help make it as clear as possible. Do you have any
further questions from committee members before Representative Boyd closes for the ISP? Seeing none, Representative Boyd, if you recognize the closure of the ISP. Mr. Chair, thank you so much
Representative Justin Boyd
Unverified
1:07:48
for the opportunity to be here and present today. It's been an honor to be back in front of your committee.
I'm going to ask that you adopt the ISP, and then, of course, it would be up to you, but if you would either, do you want to have the full committee or assign it to a subcommittee? I'd like the ability to take some of these ideas that were presented today that we heard and put them more in a draft bill and bring them back to either the subcommittee or the committee, whatever you see is appropriate, and present them so that I can have some feedback and try to work through those issues before we get to this committee in 2021.
Representative Boyd is closed with his ISP. Without objections, we... Hold on a minute. Representative Scott, you have a question? You don't? Okay. Without objections, we will adopt ISP 2019-079. Representative Boyd, I appreciate you and your witnesses being here today. You did a great job. Thank you very much. This meeting is adjourned.
Agenda
A. Call to Order
B. Comments by Chair
C. Adoption and Discussion of Interim Study Proposal 2019-079 by Representative Boyd, Requesting the Arkansas Legislative Council to refer to the House Committee on State
Agencies and Governmental Affairs a comprehensive study of Arkansas’s election laws, election
technology, election administration, voter registration, and election procedures and the impact
of federal election laws on Arkansas. [Exhibit C]
1. Lindsey Bailey French, Legal Counsel, Association of Arkansas Counties
2. Daniel Schults, Director, State Board of Election Commissioners
3. Chris Madison, Legal Counsel, State Board of Election Commissioners
4. Leslie Bellamy, Director of Elections, Secretary of State
5. Peyton Murphy, Assistant Director of Elections, Secretary of State
6. Jimmy Cummings, County Clerk, Cleveland County
D. Online Voter Registration [Exhibit D]
- Anna Claire Tilley
E. Other Business
F. Adjournment
Documents
| Title | Type | Pages | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agenda — STATE AGENCIES & GOVT'L AFFAIRS- HOUSE, Mar 9, 2020 | Agenda | 1 | Official source ↗ |
| Exhibit C- ISP-2019-079 · Adoption and Discussion of Interim Study Proposal 2019-079 by Representative Boyd, | Exhibit | 4 | Official source ↗ |
| Exhibit D- Online Voter Registration | Exhibit | 9 needs OCR | Official source ↗ |
Speakers
Representative Dwight Tosh Chair
Unverified
Representative Justin Boyd
Unverified
Lindsay Bailey
Unverified
Speaker 19
Speaker 20
Speaker 22
Chris Madison
Unverified
Speaker 15
Representative Douglas House
Unverified
Speaker 33
Speaker 39
Speaker 42
Speaker 47
Speaker 48
Representative Vivian Flowers
Unverified
Speaker 58
Representative Justin Gonzales
Unverified
Representative Johnny Rye
Unverified
Speaker 70
Speaker 21
Speaker 74
Speaker 80
Speaker 46
Speaker 90
Speaker 85
Representative Megan Godfrey
Unverified
Speaker 51
Speaker 100
Representative Nicole Clowney
Unverified
Speaker 106
Speaker 107
Speaker 109
Speaker 112
Speaker 113
Speaker 118
Speaker 110
Representative Andrew Collins
Unverified
Speaker 125
Speaker 114
Representative Gayla H. McKenzie
Unverified
Speaker 132
Representative Jamie Scott
Unverified
Speaker 143
Speaker 147